Indeed, the Ridolfi Plot of 1571 was even led by one of the Popes spies, Roberto Ridolfi. Elizabeth I (r.1558-1603) | The Royal Family The French were Catholic but did not have the same hostility to English Protestantism as Spain was. Tudor Rebellions: Causes & Timeline - Video & Lesson Transcript - Study.com To know the dates for your GCSE exams for 2020, you firstly need to identify which exam board you are studying for your subject. Probably at the core of Elizabeth's decision to remain single was an unwillingness to compromise her power. The plan was that 130 ships (equipped with 2431 guns) would sail along the Channel to the Netherlands, where they would pick up 27,000 troops, led by the Duke of Parma. This was an important symbolic gesture, which angered Philip II. - Most significant problem she faced as if she didn't have money she couldn't defend England against invasions. The strength of this relationship was shown by the fact that French troops were stationed on the English and Scottish border. In 1595 Elizabeth had to deal with a rebellion in Ireland led by Tyrone and O'Donnell. Even though a truce was decided, there was still a constant threat from the Scots and French to the English security . English exports to Europe were vital to the English economy and reached the European market via the Dutch ports, particularly Antwerp. - death of henry II. . This plot was supported by the Pope and King Phillip II, who agreed to provide troops for a Spanish invasion. Suitable for the Edexcel GCSE History (9-1) course. - Threats of invasion or Elizabeth's authority were made worse by her financial situation. - navy to firth of Forth. [A clear summary of the arguments, once more making the link between Mary, the Pope and Catholic interference.]. From there we will look at the career . When Elizabeth's reign began in 1558 England was in the middle of a 'mid-Tudor crisis'. In 1587, Sir Francis Drake attacked the Spanish port of Cadiz in what would become known as the Singeing of the King of Spains beard. LS23 6AD Elizabeth I is by many historians considered one of England's greatest ever monarchs, which heralded the 'golden age' in English history. Despite the failure of 1585, another attempt to colonise Virginia took place. Letters sent to Mary were also intercepted which implicated her and the Duke of Norfolk in the plot. While a baby is born at various points throughout the show, Francis is not its father. Therefore, Henry created the Church of England, a protestant church, which allowed for divorce. Spanish invasion plans. After her death in 1558, her half-sister Elizabeth I preceded the throne and she tried to re-establish Puritanism in England. After inheriting the throne from her sister Mary I, Elizabeth was 300,000 in debt. Elizabeth hesitated for several months, however, eventually signed Marys death warrant. Elizabeth lived quietly at her . She changed the church back to Anglican and it has been the official . Official Oxford 2023 Postgraduate Applicants Thread. The plan was supported by various Catholic nobles, including the Earls of Northumberland and Westmorland as this would mean Elizabeth (a Protestant) could be succeeded by a Catholic queen. Pope, Head of Catholic church would excommunicate her. The Problems Facing Elizabeth in 1558 - Coggle 1589 | History of Parliament Online Seeing Spain as a threat, Elizabeth tried to form an alliance with France. Foreign prince candinates would all be Catholic. This was signed by the English nobility and gentry and required the signatories to execute anyone who attempted to overthrow the Queen. Her forty-five year reign was constantly under threat, which makes the fact that she was able to overcome these for forty-five years even more remarkable. She was able to fight off illness, rebellions . Official Thread: (Undergraduate) Medicine 2023 Entry, St George's University of London (SGUL) A101 2023 Entry. Foreign Policy 1553 to 1558 - History Learning Site How successful was Elizabeth I in dealing with foreign policy - StudyMode Elizabeth and Philipthese two powerful peoplewould begin their relationship peacefully, even warmly, but they would become enemies, facing off in a battle of empires and faiths that would . The child cried when he saw the _______ of his favorite toy in the driveway. Elizabeth wasnt able to publically acknowledge his achievements and when the Spanish Armada attempted to invade England in 1588, he was the vice-admiral in command of the English fleet that helped successfully defend the attack. The victory over the Spanish was not just a military success for England, but it also helped to strengthen Elizabeths rule over the country. What made the Auld Alliance stronger at this time was the fact that Mary, Queen of Scots was married to the French Prince Francis II. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 4th explanation - Most significant problem she faced as if she didn't have money she couldn't defend England against invasions. Reasons why Philip used the Spanish Armada. However, the Privy Council had put huge pressure on Elizabeth to marry and urged her to take a husband in late 1559, which suggests that the Privy Council would have agreed on a suitor had there been someone suitable as they realised the importance of securing a Protestant English throne and the Tudor dynasty, and perhaps it was this lack of a suitable suitor that caused Elizabeth to remain . Elizabeth's Legitimacy | History | tutor2u English direct involvement in the Netherlands, 1585-88. Born: 7 September 1533. I think I'm about to officially choose the Uni im going to but I'm not 100% sur, HELP, Official Imperial College 2023 Undergraduate Applicants Thread, Official Cambridge Postgraduate Applicants 2023 Thread, Plucking Serene Dreams From Golden Trees. Northern Rebellion led by Earl of Westmorland. When are the GCSE exams for 2020?Which exam board are you studying? She was the last monarch of the Tudor period. Boston House, Europe. The English ships moved in for the attack and the following battle lasted several hours with 5 Spanish ships having been sunk. Abroad, however, was another matter as Marys execution inflamed Catholic opposition and increased the threat of foreign invasion. Crucially, when the Spanish ships docked in English ports, the gold was seized by Elizabeth. 2) This war was not a success. The most important reason however was a combination of Marys arrival and the Popes interference. VAT reg no 816865400. Throughout her reign, Elizabeth was engaged in expensive financial issues, especially foreign policy. The consent submitted will only be used for data processing originating from this website. In January 1558, the french conquered Calais, England's last remaining territory on the European mainland. Legitimacy of succession: The Pope did not recognise Henry VIII's marriage to Anne. - Invasion was a major threat because of the power of the countries France and Spain. France however, thought her intention was to create war between France and Spain while England looked on. Oct 12, 2019 83 Dislike Podpast 106 subscribers Recap and review of the problems Elizabeth faced when she became Queen in 1558. The conspirators including Babington were all. In 1560, Scotland was ruled by Elizabeth's cousin called Mary Queen of Scots (MQS). Moreover, the brazenness of these revolts was further helped by the blessing of the Pope, whose directives on recusancy and overthrowing Elizabeth were obeyed by many Catholics both domestically and internationally. The rebellion involved a force of approximately 5500 men and, for approximately a month, the north of England (from Alnwick to Pontefract, east of the Pennines) was in the control of the northern earls. What happened to Elizabeth I in 1554? - Answers In all, whilst the Catholic threat was increased through Elizabeths interference with the Dutch revolt, as it incurred the anger of the Spanish, it was Mary Queen of Scots presence that emboldened the Catholic threat. Many expected a decisive battle between Henry II and Philip II. Elizabeth chose to give direct help to the rebels by signing the Treaty of Nonsuch, which placed the Netherlands under her protection and promised military help. To her credit, when Elizabeth died in 1603, the nation was only in debt to the tune of 350,000 - 123,000 more than in 1558, but spread over the duration of her reign, this represented just under 3,000 a year. Catholic priests are first smuggled into England. The Ridolfi Plot of 1571 and later the Throckmorton and Babington Plots, of 1583 and 1586 respectively, all involved the aim of placing Mary on the throne. English sailors land at Roanoke to find it abandoned. Charles Neville, 6th Earl of Westmorland was part of the rebellion against Queen Elizabeth. PDF What problems did Elizabeth face in 1558? - WordPress.com Norfolk was killed in 1572. Elizabeths legitimacy becomes a problem because of this marriage. Save. The problems arose as she ruled an isolated protestant kingdom surrounded by catholic superpowers. King Phillip saw the signing of the 1585 Treaty of Nonsuch as a declaration fo war on Spain and in response, he began to build a huge fleet of ships known as an Armada to invade England with. Phillip was warned against this mission but believed he was on a mission from God. To what extent should changes in the relationship between monarchy and Another problem Elizabeth I had when she ascended to the throne in 1558 was the problems she had with illegitimacy. Italian bankers from Genoa had lent Philip II money to fund his campaign in the Netherlands (which was trying to put down the Dutch Revolt). [The conclusion establishes relative importance and explains why one factor was more important than another.]. Company Reg no: 04489574. This was viewed as significant because it was seen as a means to increase trade, to expand Protestantism and to use the area as a base for attacks on Spanish colonies in the New World. Led by two powerful Catholic landowners, Thomas Percy, Earl of Northumberland, and Charles Neville, Earl of Westmorland, this rebellions principal aims included the restoration of Catholicism to England, as well as the installation of Mary as Queen of England. There was a very real risk that he could form an alliance with other Catholic powers such as France and Spain and invade England. Elizabeth offered support to the Protestant Henry IV of France but found him an difficult ally to get on with. Many northern nobles were still committed Catholics and wanted to see the restoration of Catholicism under a Catholic monarch. Tensions in the Netherlands increased greatly between 1576 and 1584. August 3rd - 4th: Spanish ships were outgunned and forced to move to Calais in France. Marys clear awareness and support of the Babington plot led to her being sentenced to death in October 1586. Continue with Recommended Cookies. Tel: +44 0844 800 0085. These problems all led to supply issues for the Spanish Armada and had a major impact on the morale of the Spanish troops. The local inhabitants showed little mercy to the survivors of these wrecks. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 3rd point + evidence, - However Elizabeth was also faced with threats about her legitimacy and gender, "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 3rd explanation. From 1574, with the help of the Pope, Catholic priests were also being smuggled into England to continue the spread of the Catholic faith. Challenges to Elizabeth's rule - Edexcel - BBC Bitesize threats did Elizabeth face in 1558? You may use the following in your answer: Mary, Queen of Scots and foreign threat (12 marks) . 214 High Street, Her first husband, Francis II, had died in December 1560. It was the arrival of Mary which also partly contributed to the revolt of the Northern Earls in 1569, which had brief success. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 2nd explanation. He saw Drake as a pirate and therefore deemed Elizabeths act as deliberately provocative. There are many reasons for this, including interference in English affairs from the Pope, Elizabeth's role in the Dutch revolt (which angered Catholic Spain), Mary Queen of Scots' arrival in England in 1568 and the rebellion in 1569 that was led by the Catholic Earls Northumberland and Westmoreland. gcse history 16 mark answer - The Student Room Drake also managed to capture a Spanish ship called the. The plots to overthrow Elizabeth failed for a number of reasons such as: In 1568, the Queens Spymaster, Francis Walsingham used his spy network to prove that Mary had supported the Babington Plot. Podcast: The Life and Significance of Alan Turing, Copyright The Historical Association 2023. 30 ships were destroyed, as well as lots of supplies. Study notes, videos, interactive activities and more! In 1485 - 1603 To What Extent Was The Government Of England - Phdessay The core of her legitimacy problem centred around the circumstances of her birth by Anne Boleyn. She was then third in line behind her Roman Catholic half-sister, Princess Mary. Marriage to a foreign prince would ensure a foreign alliance and would have strengthened England against threats from abroad. Another extremely important problem Elizabeth faced were the threats from the Auld Alliance of France and Scotland, two Catholic countries that England was sandwiched between. Why was France a threat? Englands victory over the Spanish navy in 1588 contributed to their development as a strong naval power to rival Spain. Instead, her goal was to ensure freedom of worship for Dutch Protestants and protect Englands Military, commercial and strategic interests listed above. Over the last 40 years there had been 3 different rulers, Henry VIII, Edward VI and Mary I all of which had very different views on religion and running the country. migration? PDF Elizabethan England 155888. (Paper 2) Model - The Oakwood Academy 1560 - death of francis II, Mary returns to scotland as queen. W ith the first female vice president taking office in the US, and female leaders around the world excelling despite a global crisis, it's hard to imagine why women have been wildly underrepresented in leadership for so long. This was due to the actions of her father, Henry VIII, in 1533. Between the period between 1577 and 1580, Drake sailed around the world and carried out a number of raids on Spanish settlements and ships. However, the Act also established a national poor rate, made JPs (Justices of the Peace) keep registers of the poor and gave towns and cities the responsibility to find work for the able-bodied poor. Elizabeth was inheriting a terrible situation, which she had to sort out. In 1554 Mary had Elizabeth imprisoned in the Tower of London, briefly threatened her with execution, and then placed her under house arrest. Upon his arrival, he accepted the position of Governor-General which proved to be a big mistake as it suggested that Elizabeth had taken control of the Netherlands. Boston Spa, As King Phillip II ruled the Netherlands, he had control over the access to these vital Dutch ports and he could, therefore, limit English access. Drake himself described the raid as Singeing the King of Spains beard. Why religious compromise was so difficult. How serious a threat was Mary Queen of Scots to Elizabeth's rule? Cecil was a master of Renaissance statecraft, whose talents as a diplomat, politician, and administrator won him high office and . A number of Catholic plots to remove Elizabeth in the 1570s and 1580s had his involvement although he was reluctant and half-hearted in their execution. English ships departed from Plymouth to meet the Armada. The Spanish had a greater army and Dudleys army was significantly smaller. When Elizabeth I acquired the English throne in 1558, many believed due to the religious decisions of her predecessors, dating back to Henry VIII's reign, Elizabeth had inherited a country that was predominantly Catholic in belief. Her aggressive stance on some issues led to further problems such as those faced in Ireland. Write a paragraph or two. Fearful of the wrath of Catholic powerhouses, France and Spain, Elizabeth did not want to be perceived as Europes leading Protestant. Elizabeths legitimacy was one of many problems that Elizabeth faced when she became Queen in 1558. In 1580, she received treasure from Sir Francis Drake from his exploits which was worth more than all the rest of her income for that year put together. Elizabeth had given financial help to the rebels, however, remained reluctant to provoke King Phillip by getting directly involved. Elizabeth I and Finances - History Learning Site Ridolfis plan was to make Mary queen by first assassinating Elizabeth and then marrying Mary to the Duke of Norfolk. Boston Spa, The attack was a success. [Referencing this date is very good, because it demonstrates to the examiner awareness of WHY the question includes this date in the first place. Died: 24 March 1603. [The importance of dates and chronology help demonstrate the long- term impact of Marys presence, which helps support the initial judgement.]. Freshwater supplies were lost and many tons of food rotted as the fleet eventually sailed to England in 1588. These ensured the plots were uncovered before they could be fully developed. Many reasons led to discontent between Spain and England. This time, however, the evidence gathered by Walsingham was enough to persuade Elizabeth to put Mary on trial. How significant was the threat to Elizabeth I, posed by her Roman Catholic subjects in the years 1558-1588? Spain depended on large ships which were heavy and difficult to handle whereas the English built long, narrow ships that were faster and easier to handle. "The little Queen of Scots is the most perfect child that I have ever seen," King Henry II of France proclaimed soon after meeting his new charge (Mary of Guise had stayed in Scotland to rule . Catholics and Queen Elizabeth I - BBC Bitesize The reasons for, and consequences of, the English victory. Those involved planned for an invasion of England by French troops and were financed by Phillip II of Spain and the Pope. Queen Elizabeth showed no mercy to the rebels and the Earl of Northumberland along with 400 rebel troops were executed while the Earl of Westmorland fled abroad. The English navy attempted some minor raids but they were largely ineffective as only 2 Spanish ships were lost, and these were by accident. In 1568 Elizabeth also controversially stole gold from Spanish ships (which was loaned from Genoese banks to fund the Spanish army, against the Dutch rebels) that were staying at English ports. Am I doing my History A-Level coursework correctly? When Mary I died in 1558, England and Spain were allies in a war against France. Overall then, despite the question of legitimacy being extremely important due to the fact that Elizabeth could not count on the support of many English Catholics and the fact that it allowed a rival in Scotland to have claims to the throne, the immediate concerns of Elizabeth were of a more practical nature. They were also fearful that France would rekindle their loyalty to Scotland and threaten England from the north and south together. "The Scarlet Ibis" would be a different story if it were told from Doodle's point of view. Native American hostility occurred from the start, however. On November 1569, the Earls managed to capture Durham and proceeded to celebrate Catholic Mass in the Cathedral before marching south in the direction of Tutbury, Derbyshire where Mary was imprisoned. Mary was forced to flee following her unsuccessful attempt to win back her Scottish throne. Tel: +44 0844 800 0085. During this journey, they encountered several powerful Atlantic storms and this resulted in many ships sinking or being wrecked on the Scottish and Irish coasts. When Mary eventually gets pregnant, Francis is initially . Elizabeth was born on 7th September 1533 to Anne Boleyn and Henry VIII. France was at war with England and Spain. Why was the Catholic threat greater by the 1580s? On the show, Francis has a tumultuous relationship with his wife, Mary, and their inability to conceive a child is a major source of conflict between them. The new and updated summary of the British and American history However, the Catholic Church bans divorce which presented a problem for Henry as he could not legally get rid of Catherine. Her early life was full of uncertainties, and her chances of succeeding to the throne seemed very slight once her half-brother Edward was born in 1537. God blew and they were scattered - The National Archives Financial Weakness She was 300,000 in debt. To view the purposes they believe they have legitimate interest for, or to object to this data processing use the vendor list link below. Study notes, videos, interactive activities and more! Topic guides / Can I give a retake in the feb/march if I had given my exams in the may/June series. Henry believed that Elizabeth wanted France to go to war with Spain while England looked on and would benefit from the probable weakening of both. Boston Spa, Tel: +44 0844 800 0085. Spymaster and Secretary of State from 1573 Francis Walsingham uncovered the plot. The Student Room and The Uni Guide are both part of The Student Room Group. Explain why France was such a threat to Elizabeth when she - Brainly Her sister, Mary, had made Roman Catholicism the official religion of the country, but many of the people were. Describe two features of the Rebellion of the Norther earls 1559 7. Elizabeth I faced more difficulties as a monarch than any other Tudor. King Philip of Spain sent an. The aim was to rid France of heresy (Protestantism). Thomas Percy, 7th Earl of Northumberland was part of the Rising in the North in 1569. Foreign Affairs. The raid on Cadiz proved to be a major setback for King Phillips plans to invade England and delayed the Armada by more than a year. The plots were often uncovered due to Elizabeths informants and Walsinghams highly efficient spy network. Elizabeth and the Netherlands Issue - 1576-1584 (GCSE Example - Tutor2u The relative strength of France and weakness of England was further compounded by the fact that Elizabeth had to recognize the loss of Calais to France under the Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis in 1559, following a disastrous English military campaign under the reign of Elizabeths predecessor, Mary I. Calais had been in English hands since 1347. In October 1586, Mary was found guilty of treason and sentenced to death. The powerful countries in Europe at that time - France and Spain - were Catholic and the plots against Elizabeth often . Design engineering imperial 2023 applicants, Border Force Officer - Core and Mobile teams recruitment campaign September 2022. Instead, both men preferred to negotiate a settlement. Most of the fleet was then destroyed by storms. Sir Francis Drake was a leading privateer and responsible for leading several expeditions into the New World in the late 1560s and 1570s. Many people refused to recognize Elizabeth as a legitimate heir because her mother was Anne Boleyn, who was Henry VIIIs second wife. With no clear military successes for Dudley, he resigned his post in 1587 and returned to England. Another serious contender was Francis, Duke of Alencon, later Duke of Anjou. Their complete failure effectively ended any threat Spain posed to the English. The relationship with Spain and King Phillip II was at a low point in 1587 as the two countries were at war over the Netherlands. In Europe, the 1570s saw some of the worst atrocities of the protracted fall-out of the Reformation. France however, thought her intention was to create war between France and Spain while England looked on. What Challenges Did Elizabeth I Face As Queen? - HistoryExtra The ships that did manage to make the journey back ran short of supplies, and many men died of starvation and disease. The Ridolfi plot failed mostly due to Elizabeths allies passing the names of the main conspirators involved to her. Coronation: 15 January 1559, Westminster Abbey. Sue Gray quits the civil service to become Starmer's aide: is it a big deal? 214 High Street, Francis Drake led an attack at Cadiz on the Spanish fleet, who were preparing for an invasion of the English. The raid on Cadiz was a good strategic move by the English and not only weakened the Spanish, but strengthened the English. The Protestant Elizabeth certainly faced difficulties upon becoming Queen with regard to legitimacy, especially from English Catholics and the wider Catholic world.
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