National Library of Medicine. This stable red color can persist much longer than in normally packaged meat. Carbon Monoxide: Properties, Preparation, Hazards & Uses Stieb et al. Penney DG. been selected on the basis of sound scientific judgment. Epidemiological studies reported prior to 2000 dealing with carbon monoxide effects relative to mortality, birth weight, asthma, congestive heart failure, coronary artery disease, psychiatric admissions, etc. The experimental values of the solubility of H 2 and. Association between ambient carbon monoxide levels and hospitalizations for congestive heart failure in the elderly in 10 Canadian cities. Urban angina in the mountains: effects of carbon monoxide and mild hypoxemia on subjects with chronic stable angina. High Pressure Phase Behavior of the Homologous Series CO2 + 1-Alcohols. Chronic carbon monoxide exposure is different from acute exposure in several important respects, as noted above. However, NIST makes no warranties to that effect, and NIST E-mail: Levels of environmental carbon monoxide previously thought to be extremely low were shown to reduce birth weight in women exposed to carbon monoxide during the last trimester of pregnancy. Follow-up symptoms present two years after the carbon monoxide exposure included numbness in the extremities, restlessness, persistent headaches, irritability, confusion, difficulty in walking or moving the extremities, and memory loss. Thus, recent studies suggest that the intracellular uptake of carbon monoxide could be a major cause of neurological damage (i.e. Kaye and T.H. This process is responsible for most of the industrial production of acetic acid. 0000013846 00000 n At moderate concentrations, angina, impaired vision, and reduced brain function may result. For chronic exposures to carbon monoxide, red cell volume increases or plasma volume decreases (70), thus increasing the amount of oxygen that can be delivered. In the first study, stroke mortality increased 4.1% with a two-day lag. Also, at maximum exercise, no further increase in blood flow to the muscle was possible. Penney D, Benignus V, Kephalopoulos S, et al. The end result is lipid peroxidation of the brain, which starts during recovery from carbon monoxide poisoning. [74] For example, in certain bacteria, carbon monoxide is produced via the reduction of carbon dioxide by the enzyme carbon monoxide dehydrogenase with favorable bioenergetics to power downstream cellular operations. In the Cativa process, carbon monoxide and methanol react in the presence of a homogeneous Iridium catalyst and hydroiodic acid to give acetic acid. (144) analysed nearly 12 000 diagnoses of infant bronchiolitis between 1999 and 2002 in south-west British Columbia. =%zwAnL 79 0 obj<>stream Carbon monoxide Formula: CO Molecular weight: 28.0101 IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/CO/c1-2 IUPAC Standard InChIKey: UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N CAS Registry Number: 630-08- Chemical structure: This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript . The model has also been tested under a wide variety of carbon monoxide exposure conditions and found to predict COHb more accurate ly than empirical methods (54,5966). The lowest concentrations are found in homes, churches and schools at some distance (> 500 metres) from busy traffic and with no indoor sources. Carbon monoxide asphyxiation: a neglected clinical problem. Solubility of Gases in Water vs. Temperature - Engineering ToolBox Carbon monoxide is conveniently produced in the laboratory by the dehydration of formic acid or oxalic acid, for example with concentrated sulfuric acid. The result is arterial hypoxaemia. 0000062040 00000 n Carbon monoxide also binds with myoglobin and cytochrome oxidase and P-450, but the magnitude and the effects of such binding are less well explored. The data examined covered the period 19962004. They found a 6% increase in the rate of hospital admissions for asthma related to carbon monoxide, with a three-day lag. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism. All rights reserved. Smith JR, Landaw SA. Mayo Clinic is a not-for-profit organization. In a clinical review, Weaver (134) states that lower level CO exposures can cause headache, malaise, and fatigue and can result in cognitive difficulties and personality changes. These are really questions of physiological mechanisms. Comparison of cerebrovascular response to hypoxic and carbon monoxide hypoxia in newborn and adult sheep. At COHb levels of around 30%, the brain metabolism fell precipitously. A critical analysis of the use of the CFK equation in predicting COHb formation. In this way, COHb continues to increase with continued exposure, leaving pro gressively less haemoglobin available for carrying oxygen. The topic of congestive heart failure and environmental carbon monoxide levels was also reviewed by Morris (137). Chapter 5.5 Carbon monoxide General description Carbon monoxide (CO) is one of the most common and widely distributed air pollutants. Carbon Monoxide | CO | CID 281 - structure, chemical names, physical and chemical properties, classification, patents, literature, biological activities, safety/hazards/toxicity information, supplier lists, and more. Coburn RF, Forster RE, Kane PB. What do I do if I suspect that combustion appliances are affecting my health. Since the time of Haldane (52), it has been presumed that the attachment of carbon monoxide to haemoglobin, thus preventing the carriage of adequate oxygen and the impaired release of oxygen from the remaining oxyhaemoglobin (i.e. Maroni M, Seifert B, Lindvall T, editors. Carbon monoxide intoxication can be caused by single or repetitively generated high short-term peaks, and carbon monoxide poisoning is the leading cause of death from poisoning (accidental and intentional). International Programme on Chemical Safety. Raub JA, Benignus VA. Milner JT, ApSimon H P, Croxford B. Spatial variation of CO concentrations within an office building and outdoor influences. Standard Reference Data Act. A single copy of these materials may be reprinted for noncommercial personal use only. Studies concerning accidental or peak exposures are presented separately in Table 2.2. Penney D, Benignus V, Kephalopoulos S, et al. It was discovered in the 1960s that CO can be endogenously produced in the body by heme oxygenase (HO) metabolism of heme to produce CO, iron, and biliverdin. In a recent clinical study, Keles et al. Recognizing the onset of carbon monoxide poisoning is crucial, as it can be fatal in just a few minutes. Benignus VA. Neurotoxicity of environmental gases. 0000014000 00000 n In: Penney DG, editor. In: Penney DG, editor. Sponsored Links Solubility of pure gases like Ar - Argon CH4- Methane C2H4 - Ethylene C2H6- Ethane CO - Carbon Monoxide CO2- Carbon Dioxide Cl2- Chlorine Gas Carbon monoxide enters the body via inhalation and is diffused across the alveolar membrane with nearly the same ease as oxygen (O2). Koehler RC, et al. Carbon monoxide: association of community air pollution with mortality. Two studies examining cardiovascular events and long-term exposure to carbon monoxide at ultra-low levels (i.e. Memory disturbances following chronic, low-level carbon monoxide exposure. Consequently, even in the absence of any indoor sources, the 15-minute I : O for carbon monoxide varies from 0.2 to 4.1 and the daily I : O from 0.4 to 1.2. Jo WK, Lee JY. Chatani, N.; Murai, S. "Carbon Monoxide" in Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis (Ed: L. Paquette) 2004, J. Wiley & Sons, New York. These results suggest that loss of consciousness is not a requirement for carbon-monoxide-induced brain damage, and that carbon-monoxide-related cognitive (and other) outcomes may be independent of poisoning severity when that severity is based on COHb saturation. [85][74] In another example, carbon monoxide is a nutrient for methanogenic archaea which reduce it to methane using hydrogen. [43], Carbon monoxide is colorless, odorless, and tasteless. Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) In both accidental exposure and epidemiological studies, toxic substances other than carbon monoxide were often present in the exposed person's inhaled air. It was found that carbon-monoxide-poisoned rats displayed impaired maze-learning that did not occur in similar rats made immunologically tolerant to MBP. Dales et al. Tikuisis PF, et al. The exercise effect of carbon monoxide exposure in healthy subjects was produced by reduced oxygen delivery to the exercising muscle. Brown SK, Cheng M, Mahoney KJ. The lack of good doseeffect relationships in the accidental exposure case study reports also suggests alternative mechanisms of causation. The most important variables in the formation of COHb are the concentration and duration of carbon monoxide in inhaled air and the rate of alveolar ventilation (67). SOLUBILITY OF CARBON MONOXIDE AND HYDROGEN IN WATER AND SEA-WATER 69 Table 1. health information, we will treat all of that information as protected health 2021 by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal. The gas mixture produced by this process is known as wood gas. 0000031491 00000 n (89). Sheppard et al. [89][90][91], Carbon monoxide poisoning is the most common type of fatal air poisoning in many countries. Roughton FJW, Darling RC. Vogel JA, Gleser MA. Similar search statements were used for physiological and mechanistic articles. Air pollution and hospitalization for headache in Chile. Other recent studies indicate that carbon monoxide poisoning can cause immune system dysfunction (164) that causes decrements in learning not observed in immunologically tolerant animals. Carbon monoxide, with the chemical formula CO, is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless gas. ;AP+ZMh.nc the poor relationship between COHb, symptoms and outcome. * )0Q.jX+0WuabX!YL"& a diAQq jX4QR6JA'/QJGL90a-9ZS16eWs,. endstream endobj 33 0 obj[76 0 R] endobj 34 0 obj<> endobj 35 0 obj<>stream 0000006975 00000 n Incomplete oxidation during combustion may cause high concentrations of carbon monoxide in indoor air. Lung cancer, cardiopulmonary mortality and long-term exposure to fine particulate air pollution. It results from incomplete oxidation of carbon in combustion. Hong YC, et al. Normal indoor sources, gas appliances and tobacco smoking increase the I : O ratios. Carbon monoxide - NIST American Journal of Physiology. The relationship of carbon monoxide exposure and the COHb concentration in blood can be modelled using the differential Coburn-Forster-Kane equation (3), which provides a good approximation to the COHb level at a steady level of inhaled exogenous carbon monoxide. The effects of air pollution on hospitalizations for cardiovascular disease in elderly people in Australian and New Zealand cities. [The effects of occupational CO poisoning on the organs of smell, hearing and equilibrium]. Clearly, this was done for ethical reasons, but the possibility exists that higher exposures would have led to greater magnitudes of effect than for normal subjects. High-pressure gas solubility in multicomponent solvent systems for Lawrence AJ, Masih A, Taneja A. Indoor/outdoor relationships of carbon monoxide and oxides of nitrogen in domestic homes with roadside, urban and rural locations in a central Indian region. PDF 4. CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL INFORMATION - Agency for Toxic Substances and https://www.cpsc.gov/ko/content/what-you-should-know-about-using-paint-strippers. Data compilation copyright Burnett RT, et al. These effects are of interest because all of the above pollutants are combustion products. Experiments, however, are not usually good simulations of actual scenarios of interest. Devine SA, et al. Kleinman MT, et al. Thomassen O, Brattebo G, Rostrup M. Carbon monoxide poisoning while using a small cooking stove in a tent. It consists of one carbon atom covalently . However, heart disease is a leading cause of sickness and death worldwide, and it is plausible that coronary artery disease would make patients more susceptible to cardiac failure from increased hypoxic cardiac stress (179), but there are no data to evaluate this hypothesis. Unvented kerosene and gas space heaters; leaking chimneys and furnaces; back-drafting from furnaces, gas water heaters, wood stoves, and fireplaces; gas stoves; generators and other gasoline powered equipment; automobile exhaust from attached garages; and tobacco smoke. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2010. Solubilities of Gases in Water at 293 K - Wired Chemist Such exposure has been reported to alter health in a number of ways, including physical symptoms, sensorymotor changes, cognitive memory deficits, emotionalpsychiatric alterations, cardiac events and low birth weight. Abstract. Even though hypoxic stress may have been the only underlying mechanism at work, some nonetheless reported positive effects. Carbon monoxide (CO) is a stable oxide of carbon that is produced when there is partial oxidation of carbon-containing compounds. Lumio JS. Address requests for publications of the WHO Regional Office for Europe to: Publications, WHO Regional Office for Europe, Scherfigsvej 8, DK-2100 Copenhagen , Denmark. This association was noted to be stronger in Los Angeles County. Foster M, et al. From these searches, 952 articles were found and, from these, 52 were deemed relevant and used in the review. In: Penney DG, editor. Walker E. Carbon monoxide poisoning is still an under-recognized problem. Room chamber assessment of pollutant emission properties of low-emission unflued gas heaters; Proceedings of Indoor Air 2002, The 9th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate; Monterey, CA. CO 2 is soluble in water, forming carbonic acid, although high amounts of impurities are known to reduce water solubility. The magnitude of a carbon monoxide effect would depend on the amount of oxygen available for metabolism in the tissue under consideration. Weaver LK, Deru K. Carbon monoxide poisoning at motels, hotels, and resorts. https://www.cdc.gov/co/faqs.htm. Accessed Feb. 17, 2018. In: Penney DG, editor. Within the cohort, 2813 (2.2%) were low in birth weight (between 1000 and 2499 grams). Akland GG, et al. McGrath (93) reviewed the interacting effects on humans of altitude and carbon monoxide. Past reviews of air quality mainly discuss acute studies of carbon monoxide exposure at lower concentrations. Tobacco smoke can be a major source of indoor exposure, as can exhaust from motor vehicles operating in attached garages (6). in a third-party publication (excluding your thesis/dissertation for which permission is not required) `` > Rdw006f`P `` (T-H_T%MQ 3y Rd60x2`aKMt1l^ N The solubility of carbon monoxide in 37 ionic liquids and in some organic solvents has been determined using high-pressure (13)C NMR spectroscopy and it was shown that the rate of the hydroformylation of 5-hexen-2-one does not correlate with the CO solubilty, as expected from the determined relative solubilities of CO compared to H (2). 612617. Damage to your heart, possibly leading to life-threatening cardiac complications. In: Penney DG, editor. Hearing disturbances were noted in 78.3% of the patients suffering from chronic carbon monoxide poisoning. In: Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2018. Zeitschrift fr Laryngologie, Rhinologie, Otologie und ihre Grenzgebiete. Davies DM, Smith DJ. In the second study, a significantly increased risk of 1.06 (95% CI 1.021.09) was found for carbon monoxide, with a one-day lag. Greiner TH, Schwab CV. What is the average level of carbon monoxide in homes? Other studies looking at neuropsychological aspects of chronic carbon monoxide exposure such as those of Ryan (108), Myers et al. The guidelines were established for 15 minutes (100 mg/m3), for 1 hour (35 mg/ m3) and for 8 hours (10 mg/ m3) (41,42). Initial compounds were lipid soluble, whereas morerecently developed compounds watersoluble. C6O26. HW$7J$To_]`|>{#e(S]=S*IX aN^kY|foe9}kx=}xG:~OyIE/ZQQ:}|l/zM|^ >AN.Pnlf;.a0Xwnk;5`Tc:o_zL/BYf10kI2,U,ueBGz},JPGZ]N$ncJXdYWnkHl5EKvpsjuhz3.Noz;7+GK+dElg]C;l-.`sD|3,gPJ0d $:yW9:]B,3(^cKh]J Ad/5`s`k5r aLS`to1i*:tuE ]R3?i%#IO|ogysL/27~,{6nylKVf\u/ gN Therefore, it is of great significance to monitor CO in living samples. Doseeffect relationships are suggested in some epidemiological studies. Interestingly, the prevalence of depression was higher in patients with the less compared with the more severe poisoning at six months. Penney DG. Penney (81) recently reviewed pitfalls in making diagnoses of carbon monoxide poisoning, especially chronic poisoning. 0000035235 00000 n It is the simplest carbon oxide. the unsubscribe link in the e-mail. 0000031423 00000 n They estimated 25% increases in the odds of increases in carbon monoxide, conditional on the previous day's asthma symptoms. Pope CA III, et al. Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colorless, practically odorless, and tasteless gas or liquid. These physiological results agree almost exactly with the behavioural data. The highest incidences, for example, included pallor, cardiac enlargement (cardiomegaly), coldness of the extremities and hyperactive patellar reflex. Since the time of Haldane (52), it has been assumed that the effect of carbon monoxide exposure is due to hypoxic effects (53). The measured emission rates of carbon monoxide ranged from 144 to 531 mg/hour. In ancient history, Hannibal executed Roman prisoners with coal fumes during the Second Punic War. It results from incomplete oxidation of carbon in combustion. Solubility of Carbon Monoxide and Hydrogen in Methanol and Methyl Formate: 298-373 K and 0.3-3.3 MPa. Air quality criteria for carbon monoxide. Of the less severely poisoned patients, 39% had cognitive deficits at six weeks. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. in 2000 (89) and Hay in 2008 (90). The symptoms are usually non-specific and appear to involve many of the body systems. %PDF-1.6 % Dimitroulopoulou C, et al. The most common symptoms they recorded were headache, nausea, dizziness and syncope. 0000003091 00000 n Specific gravity 0.96716; boiling point -190oC; solidification point -207oC; specific volume 13.8 cu. This risk is increased by a unit rise in the average concentration of carbon monoxide in the third trimester. [Clinical observations regarding chronic coal-gas poisoning]. Exposure to ambient and microenvironmental concentrations of carbon monoxide. Lebret E, et al. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. At higher concentrations, impaired vision and coordination; headaches; dizziness; confusion; nausea. A victim may also suffer from shortness of breath, cardiac palpitations, convulsion, paralysis, loss of consciousness, coma and eventually death. This assertion is borne out by Chambers et al. A smaller number of hearing disturbances (26.7%) were found in patients exposed to carbon monoxide at work but in whom chronic carbon monoxide poisoning could not be confirmed. It is naturally produced by many enzymatic and non-enzymatic pathways,[74] the best understood of which is the catabolic action of heme oxygenase on the heme derived from hemoproteins such as hemoglobin. Ischiropoulos et al. Salonen RO, et al. There are numerous situations in which carbon monoxide is not the only source of hypoxia. Solubility Data Series, Volume 43 - 1st Edition It might be argued that the data on the effect of carbon monoxide exposure in angina patients contributes little additional information needed for regulatory decisions. Lee K, Park E. Residential air quality in wood burning houses in Costa Rica; Proceedings of Indoor Air 2002, The 9th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate; Monterey, CA. To preserve exposure data from experiments and literature reviews, it would seem to be important to report both COHb and exposure concentration and duration. Yu O, et al. The evidence for this is derived from clinical toxicological, medical and neuropsychological case reports, case series and other retrospective studies. Moolgavkar (139) investigated non-accidental cardiovascular, cerebrovascular and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease deaths over eight years in three American metropolitan areas: two in California and one in Illinois. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The boiling point of CO is -191.5 . Key: YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N SMILES O=[Pb] Properties Chemical formula PbO Molar mass 223.20 g/mol Appearance red or yellow powder Density 9.53 g/cm3 Melting point 888 C (1,630 F; 1,161 K) Boiling point 1,477 C (2,691 F; 1,750 K) Solubility in water 0.017 g/L[1] Solubility N2 is the number of cases for which COHb data are available. Von Zenk H. Die Auswirkungen berufsbedinger CO-Intoxikationen auf Geruchs-, Gehr- und Gleichgewichtsorgan. Emergency hospital admissions for cardiovascular diseases and ambient levels of carbon monoxide: results for 126 United States urban counties, 19992005. Thus, the dosimetry for putative non-hypoxic effects of carbon monoxide exposure is not known. 0000061715 00000 n Normally, one would expect reduced oxygen dissociation from arterial blood into muscle tissue because of the shift in the dissociation curve, but in the case of exercising muscle the oxygen partial pressure of the tissue is likely to have been so low that the dissociation shift did not matter (167). [74], Carbon monoxide is used in modified atmosphere packaging systems in the US, mainly with fresh meat products such as beef, pork, and fish to keep them looking fresh. 0000004004 00000 n Penney DG, Dunham E, Benjamin M. Chronic carbon monoxide exposure. This would potentially permit calculation of tissue dose for non-hypoxic tissue effects when the dosimetry models are developed. Summary data from five studies on chronic carbon monoxide poisoning. National Institute of Standards and In the human body, it reacts readily with haemoglobin to form . Copyright for NIST Standard Reference Data is governed by Jetter J, et al. (138) evaluated the association between mortality in the elderly and air pollutants over a three-year period in Phoenix, Arizona. Sumari (113) describes the method used in Finland in examining victims of coal gas poisoning and the observations made in connection with it. In a related reaction, the hydrogenation of carbon monoxide is coupled to CC bond formation, as in the FischerTropsch process where carbon monoxide is hydrogenated to liquid hydrocarbon fuels. In: Chang LW, Dyer RS, editors. 0000070963 00000 n Please click here to see any active alerts. Hazucha MJ. 0000002957 00000 n Koehler RC, Jones MD, Traystman RJ. Jensen LK, Klausen H, Elsnab C. Organic brain damage in garage workers after long-term exposure to diesel exhaust fumes. Gupta S, Khare M, Goyal R. Sick building syndrome a case study in a multistorey centrally air-conditioned building in the Delhi City. Maroni M, et al. [88] The process is currently unauthorized in many other countries, including Japan, Singapore, and the European Union. The relationship of carbon monoxide exposure and the COHb concentration in blood can be modelled using the differential Coburn-Forster-Kane equation (3), which provides a good approximation to the COHb concentration at a steady level of inhaled, exogenous carbon monoxide. Carbon monoxide has also been used as a lasing medium in high-powered infrared lasers. endstream endobj 36 0 obj<> endobj 37 0 obj<> endobj 38 0 obj<>stream Using Pearson analysis, there were significant correlations between COHb level and P-wave duration, maximum QT height, QT duration and corrected QT duration. These investigators have demonstrated that brain tissue metabolism remains constant as the COHb increases until it approaches 20%, implying that brain tissue hypoxia does not occur with lower COHb levels. Scotto di Marco G, et al. In the absence of indoor sources, current concentrations of carbon monoxide in indoor air in European and North American cities are well below the levels of existing air quality guidelines and standards. Exposure to high, potentially lethal levels are not considered here at any length and delayed effects are not examined because neither would be seen in indoor carbon monoxide exposure situations under normal circumstances. [8], Carbon monoxide had been used for genocide during the Holocaust at some extermination camps, the most notable by gas vans in Chemno, and in the Action T4 "euthanasia" program.[99]. 0000002099 00000 n Indoor and outdoor levels of respirable particulates (PM10) and carbon monoxide (CO) in high-rise apartment buildings. N1 is the number of cases for which air carbon monoxide concentration data are available. . Microbiota may also utilize carbon monoxide as a gasotransmitter. As a result, this probe has been proved to be able to monitor . It should be kept in mind that the tissue dose and the eventual health effect are not necessarily contemporaneous. Average vital capacity was significantly less for members of Group A at any age than for members of Groups B or C. Average back strength was significantly less for members of Group A at age 3040 years than for same-age members of Group C. The difference from members of Group B was very large and significant over the entire age range of the two groups. Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate; Nagoya, Japan. It is not clear whether the slightly greater observed effect of COHb in the patients compared to the normal subjects would be considered statistically significant or physiologically meaningful. The original Hildebrand solubility parameter () is derived from the Cohesive Energy Density (CED) [4,5] V U 2 CED vap U vap is the energy of evaporation or the cohesive energy and V the molar volume. 68 August 2014 CO compoundshave shown efcacy animalmodels disease,including postoperative ileus, chronic colitis, necrotizing . Electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide and If you think you or someone you're with may have carbon monoxide poisoning, get into fresh air and seek emergency medical care. If you want to reproduce the whole article Methanol is produced by the hydrogenation of carbon monoxide. Chem. Database and to verify that the data contained therein have (b) Calculate G by two different methods. Allred EN, et al. The final dose for carbon-monoxide-induced hypoxic effects is thus seen to be some measure of tissue oxygenation. Chapter 5.5, carbon monoxide. Mechanisms of carbon monoxide toxicity. Kleinman MT, et al. Sheppard L, et al. Air quality guidelines for Europe. 0000002223 00000 n Measuring human exposure to carbon monoxide in Washington, DC, and Denver, Colorado, during the winter of 19821983. El Fadel M, et al. Please read Google Privacy & Terms for more information about how you can control adserving and the information collected. (126), Hartman (127) and Devine et al. Keles A, Demircan A, Kurtoglu G. Carbon monoxide poisoning: how many patients do we miss? Follow-up examinations revealed that typical hearing losses improved only slightly or not at all. The best understood health effects appear to be produced by hypoxia due to the binding of carbon monoxide to haemoglobin, which reduces the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood as well as decreasing the dissociation of oxygen into extravascular tissue. Tikuisis P. Modeling the uptake and elimination of carbon monoxide. Seizures and unilateral cystic lesion of the basal ganglia: an unusual clinical and radiological manifestation of chronic non-fatal carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning. Recent epidemiological studies of chronic environmental exposures are coherent with the results of the controlled human exposure studies. and Informatics, Microwave spectra (on physics lab web site), Electron-Impact Ionization Cross Sections (on physics web site), Computational Chemistry Comparison and Benchmark Database, NIST / TRC Web Thermo Tables, "lite" edition (thermophysical and thermochemical data), NIST / TRC Web Thermo Tables, professional edition (thermophysical and thermochemical data), Only the tabulated data between T = 273. Fischer SL, Koshland C P. Daily and peak 1 h indoor air pollution and driving factors in a rural Chinese village. They found a positive and statistically significant association between same-day carbon monoxide exposure and increased risk of hospitalization for multiple cardiovascular outcomes (ischemic heart disease, heart rhythm disturbances, heart failure, cerebrovascular disease and total cardiovascular disease). ojn R~6o5i=LB#}VJ:A2NVNk.q(zXIdnfIyZxPh|* l:yIr mMz-[A{cDpF FOgH^FjSZhj l.b\|)AP6Q73 Kw.[Gw1,,tAzvVL,n-/*YfMlKV_F6I/M6/{wv @:A[3 In blood obtained from 50 patients who had sustained carbon monoxide poisoning, plateletneutrophil aggregates were detected and plasma myeloperoxidase concentration was elevated, suggesting that the processes seen in animals also operate in humans (166).